I did a blind test, and found it depends on the genre.

Slow, chill music is completely transparent when compressed, no matter how hard I “audio peep.” It’s not even a question.

But something “dense” like System of a Down has audible distortion. It loosely (not always) coincided with the bitrate of the flac files, which kind of makes sense, though even the extreme end is hard to notice unless you know the particular song very well.

Also… a lot of recordings kind of suck. It’s crazy to worry about tiny bits of distortion when a bit perfect master is already noisy and distorted.